GAMESVIDEOSANIMALSEXPLORE MORESUBSCRIBE1 / 3Earthworms' bodies are made up of ring-like segments called annuli. These segments are covered in setae, or small bristles, which the worm uses to move and burrow.Earthworms' bodies are made up of ring-like segments called annuli. These segments are covered in setae, or small bristles, which the worm uses to move and burrow.PHOTOGRAPH BY BIANCA LAVIESANIMAL SINVERTEB RATES Earthworm Although native to Europe, earthworms are found throughout North America and western Asia. COMMON NAME: Common Earthworm SCIENTIFIC NAME: Lumbricus terrestrisTYPE: Invertebrates DIET: Herbivore AVERAGE LIFE SPAN IN THE WILD: Up to 6 yearsSIZE: Up to 14 inches WEIGHT: Up to 0.39 ounces Earthworms do not live in deserts or regions where there is permafrost or permanent snow and ice. Typically only a few inches (7 or 8 centimeters) long, some members of this species have been known to grow to a snakelike 14 inches (35 centimeters).Earthworms' bodies are made up of ringlike segments called annuli. These segments are covered in setae, or small bristles, which the worm uses to move and burrow. These terrestrial worms typically dwell in soil and moist leaf litter. Their bodies are characterized by a "tube within a tube" construction, with an outer muscular body wall surrounding a digestive tract that begins with the mouth in the first segment. As they burrow, they consume soil, extracting nutrients from decomposing organic matter like leaves and roots.Earthworms are vital to soil health and to plants growing in it because they transport nutrients and minerals from below to the surface via their waste. An earthworm can eat up to a third of its body weight in a day.NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAPS0:35I HEART ANIMALSWhat animal do you think has the most hearts?EXPLORE MORE!Amazing AnimalsWatch to discover interesting facts about animals from all over the world.Comeback crittersSave the Earth tipsEndangered Species ActLEGALTerms of UsePrivacy PolicyYour US State Privacy RightsChildren's Online Privacy PolicyInterest-Based AdsAbout Nielsen MeasurementDo Not Sell or Share My Personal InformationOUR SITESNational GeographicNational Geographic EducationShop Nat GeoCustomer ServiceJOIN USSubscribeManage You

Worms in humans

Some types of worms can infect people. Some can be caught in the UK and others are only caught abroad. Most worm infections are not serious and can be easily treated with medicine.

A pharmacist can help with worm infections

A pharmacist can help if you have:

  • small, white worms in your poo that look like pieces of thread

  • extreme itching around your anus, particularly at night

This is probably threadworms.

They're common in the UK and can be treated with medicine from a pharmacy.

Find a pharmacy

Non-urgent advice:See a GP if you:

  • find a large worm, a piece of worm or worm eggs in your poo

  • have a red, itchy worm-shaped rash on your skin

  • have sickness, diarrhoea or a stomach ache for longer than 2 weeks

  • are losing weight for no reason

These could be symptoms of something like roundworm, hookworm or tapeworm.

These infections are usually caught while travelling. They can take a long time to cause symptoms, so tell the GP if you have been abroad in the last 2 years.

See what different worms look like

Treatment to get rid of worms

It does not matter which type of worm you have – all worm infections are treated in a similar way.

You might be asked to provide a sample of poo so it can be tested for worm eggs.

If you have worms, a GP will prescribe medicine to kill them. You take this for 1 to 3 days. The people you live with may also need to be treated.

Any worms in your gut will eventually pass out in your poo. You may not notice this.

To avoid becoming infected again or infecting others, it's very important during the weeks after starting treatment to wash your hands:

  • after going to the toilet

  • before eating or preparing food

  • regularly during the day

Important

Go back to the GP if your symptoms do not get better in 2 weeks or you keep passing live worms in your poo.

How you catch worms

Worms are mainly spread in small bits of poo from people with a worm infection. Some are caught from food.

You can get infected by:

  • touching objects or surfaces with worm eggs on them – if someone with worms does not wash their hands

  • touching soil or swallowing water or food with worm eggs in it – mainly a risk in parts of the world without modern toilets or sewage systems

  • walking barefoot on soil containing worms – only a risk in parts of the world without modern toilets or sewage systems

  • eating raw or undercooked beef, pork or freshwater fish (like salmon or trout) containing baby worms – more common in parts of the world with poor food hygiene standards

You can catch some worms from pets, but this is rare.

How to prevent worm infections

There are some things you can do to help prevent worm infections.

Do

  • wash your hands before eating or preparing food, and after touching soil or using the toilet

  • only drink bottled or boiled water in high-risk areas (places without modern toilets or sewage systems)

  • thoroughly wash garden-grown fruit and vegetables

  • deworm pet dogs and cats regularly

  • dispose of dog and cat poo in a bin as soon as possible

Don’t

  • do not let children play in areas where there's dog or cat poo

  • do not eat raw fruit and vegetables in high-risk areas

  • do not walk barefoot in high-risk areas

  • do not eat raw or undercooked pork, beef or freshwater fish

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